Meisaan

Meisaan, officially the Kingdom of Meisaan (: 美山王國; 매산웡곽, Meisaan Wonggwok; KOM) is a sovereign nation in Tiandi, located in eastern Sinju. It borders Jeongmi to the north, Gaoxiong to the west, Cengui to the southeast, Kang Lâm to the southwest, and shares a sea border with Fusen. The that make up Meisaan's name originated during the Tianqi period, and mean "beautiful mountains." It is often called the "Land of Ten Thousand Peaks."

With the largest economy in Tiandi and a population in the top ten worldwide, Meisaan is a militarily, economically, and culturally. The Meisaani language is spoken in multiple countries across Tiandi, especially in former colonies. Meisaan is a founding member of both the Congress of Nations and Sinju Union. During the early modern era Meisaan populated and conquered many different areas of the World, including Barujaya, Londren and Waimaunga. Meisaan is one of the oldest democracies in Tiandi, in accordance with the Jiwiu Doctrine. The gradual trend of democratization in Meisaan occurred in a similar vein to Jeongmi, with powerful bureaucratic figures instituting piece reforms that comprise the system used today.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Meisaan was involved in the Eulhae War, the most devastating conflict in its history. Throughout the course of the war, it is estimated that around 1.5 million Meisaani civilians were killed. In the late 1940s, Jeongmian aide, ambitious public works projects and high government spending culminated in the rapid rebuilding and explosion of economic wealth in the region in trends not seen since industrialization. It later became a founding and cornerstone member of the Sinju Union. Today, Meisaan is a governed as a. Meisaan has one of the highest standards of living in Tiandi, with relatively low income inequality. Healthcare and education are guaranteed free to all Meisaani citizens. The country receives about 40 millions visitors annually, along with one of the highest amounts of World Heritage Sites.

Etymology
Through much of ancient history, Meisaan was heavily divided into rival city states and feudal realms. Only with the rise of Tianqi was a collective region for the speaking peoples ever conceived. As a result, Meisaan's name is derived from the traditional Tianqian province it comprised; labelled 美山 in Tianqian, with the reading "[m]rəjʔ s-ŋrar" or "Mei saan" in the colloquial native tongue. After the fall of Tianqi, successive Meisaani dynasties continued to use the reading "Meisaan" in works describing their realms. Under a union with Jeongmi, the two countries were often called 鄭美, or "Zengmei" in modern Meisaani.

Prehistory & Antiquity
Established evidence of in Meisaan is dated by an upwards of two million years, found in the remains of a hunter-gatherer village in the Daidei mountain range. Since then, multiple sites have been recovered, mainly in the central highland region. It is estimated that Meisaan was inhabited by Bronze Age denizens in 10,801 BCE, using advanced tools and other paraphernalia. The first agricultural communities can be traced to 8,000 BCE, originally producing rice and other grains in the southern river deltas.

The first known civilization in Meisaan was the Waidai Kingdom, centered around the Pearl River. It is the oldest known civilization in Sinju. "Daaihoging" 大河京, Meisaan's first metropolis, was constructed under the supervision of the Waidai around the 7th century BCE. Silk textiles rediscovered in the area are evidence that the Waidai were the first to domesticate silk worms in Tiandi. A tsunami in 5,901 BCE destroyed Daaihoging and is recognized as the catalyst that began a sharp decline in the Kingdom's power. Continual warfare and bad harvests further compounded the already struggling Waidai, reducing the area to a state of continual warfare.

Classical Meisaan


By 780 BCE, eastern Meisaan was divided into thousands of rival city-states, vying for access to water, farmland, and precious metals. This period was known as the First Era, or the warring-states. The richest of these aforesaid micronations was centered in the trading port of Minghoi, where silk and rice were exported throughout Eastern Tiandi. In return, Minghoi served as the entry port for salt and other amenities coming in from Jeongmi and the budding mega-empire of Tianqi. Beginning in the Jumin War in 698 CE, Minghoi began annexing its neighbors through wars, diplomacy, and economic pressure. The city rapidly evolved into a cultural icon on the level of Danyang, housing some of the earliest philosophers and natural philosophers in Tiandi. characters became a popular form of writing, replacing the original used in Meisaan.

Minghoi reached the height of its power in 511 BCE, ruling the entire Caangho River Valley, along with other small holdings on the northern Meisaani coastline. However, the Kingdom began to deteriorate with infighting between the ruling clascs, along with an embargo by the ancient Jeongmian kindom of Seora which severely weakened its traditional hegemony over salt imports into the rest of Meisaan. Eventually, Minghoi was defeated in a series of conquests by their neighbor and rival Chuigai. Meisaan would not see another empire of Minghoi's calibre until the 10th century CE.

Early Meisaan


Tianqi invaded Meisaan in the 2nd century, subjugating the remaining tribes and cities. By 451, the entire region was under Tianqian control, in the form of tributary states. The Empire introduced civil service exams and Confucian doctrine to the nobility, while these ideas began to infiltrate the common ranks. In the 4th century CE, Meisaan made a full transition to.

Most of the vassalized city-states had de-facto control over their own affairs, with faraway Danyang only exacting "technical" ownership of the country. During this period, many noble families from Tianqi constructed villas on the picturesque Meisaani coastlines, with some even settling permanently in the country. When the Empire fell prey to nomadic invasions in the 8th and 9th centuries, many of the nobles fled to these estates. They eventually perforated the bureaucracy and Shi class.



The "Middle Era" 中期 began after the Fall of Tianqi and the Raze of Danyang in 876 CE. With no mediator in the region, the various ruling families and nobility fell to fighting amongst themselves, forming many different states and dukedoms. This period is commonly referred to as the "Second Civil War" outside of Meisaan.

However, the threat of invasion from nomads and Jeongmi remained a lurking threat to the unstable area. In 921, the northern Meisaani fiefdoms united into a single Kingdom under the lordship of Tianqi-Meisaan noble Ga bou, the founder of the Yue Dynasty. The newly formed state went on to invade and annex the rest of Meisaan, in a series of conflicts known as the Fan Wars. By 1011 CE, the modern area of Meisaan was united under a single diplomatic entity.

In 1054 CE, a permanent capital was established in Minghoi. A large cross-section of the nobility and scholar gentry followed the Imperial Family, settling in the city. Many historians agree that this move ushered in the Golden Age of Meisaani literature and culture, laying the foundation for a strongly independent Meisaani culture.

By 1092, the Yue had established control over the western frontier, spreading Meisaani civilisation to the shamanistic native cultures. Later Emperors established a series of roadways and canals connecting the northern and southern cities, along with the mountainous interior. Steady economic growth during this period led to a more commercialized society.

Following the of Emperor Gwang Ji in 1211 CE, the Kim Dynasty of Jeongmi declared sovereignty over the Meisaani throne. A diplomatic envoy from Hapcheon arrived the following year, demanding for the reigning regent to step down and submit to Jeongmian authority. The Regency refused, and the envoy was repatriated to the border. The incensed Kim Dynasty declared war shortly afterwards, launching an invasion over the Caangho river. The superior Jeongmian armies quickly overwhelmed the smaller and unprepared Meisaani forces, reaching Minghoi in only two weeks. On May 14th 1212 CE, the  garrison surrendered to Jeongmian forces. Following Meisaan's surrender, Kim Dynasty established the Meisaani-Jeongmian Union, where the Jeongmian Emperor would rule over both realms. Parts of Minghoi were burned to the ground after the siege, due to the use of brass cannon by the invading forces.

The Union had a profound impact on both Meisaan and Jeongmi for the following millenium, initially allowing greater interchange of information and culture. Later, it served as a friction point for the emerging empires as they each used the Union as a to unify the two states.

Imperial Meisaan
Jeongmian corruption along with a devastating famine culminated in the Rebellion of 1467, led by the charismatic farmer Leung Daiming. Initial resistance against the Union was orchestrated by feudal lords in the southern Pearl River Watershed. As the cause gained popularity, the Kim Dynasty attempted to crush the independent Meisaani forces on a series of coastal landings thirty kilometers northeast of central Minghoi.



However, Meisaani forces achieved several major victories around northern Meisaan, forcing the Kim to withdraw. On August 17th, 1471, the Leung Dynasty was proclaimed throughout the realm, initiating a near three centuries of absolute rule. The Imperial Court was established in the newly built Gungting palace, located in central Minghoi.

Under the Leung, Meisaan saw major advances in exploration, science and culture in the Meisaani Renaissance. In 1541, Emperor Gik instituted the Imperial Chancellery, a bureaucratic faction that oversaw Meisaan's meritocratic Imperial Exams and other political institutions. A new and more efficient government facilitated exploration of far-reaching areas. The Meisaani trade fleet expanded exponentially with new-found resources and colonial ambition. Trading posts and other bases were founded all over the world, bringing in spices and raw goods to Meisaan. (Of particular interest was the trade route leading into Barujaya which was mapped by explorer Lin Wu). Modern historians have described this as a turning point in Meisaani history, ushering in the beginning of full commercialization.

In 1667, the Imperial Acquisition Exams were revised to allow commoners low-level government positions in the Leung Imperial Court. However, the reforms were met by huge controversy and near rebellion by conservative factions in the royalty and gentry. Eventually, the law was abandoned by Empress Mi in 1712 after a revolt in central Minghoi.

On 7th May 1718, the short War of 1718 was fought due to a dispute over trading rights in Londren. Fusenese forces blockaded Meisaani ports near the Londrench capital of Wexham, but were forced into a stalemate by Meisaani firepower. The brief conflict marked an increase in colonial conflicts fought with fellow Sinju powers.



During the remainder of the 18th century, Meisaani colonial strategy began to shift as permanent settlements were established in previously "undiscovered" regions such as modern day Buyeo. Newfound resources, such as onions, spices, and wine, changed traditional Meisaani cuisine and culture. In 1754 Empress Mi introduced a universal paper currency that eased transactions between domestic merchants, however tariffs were tightened over foreign imports, especially from Jeongmi, its colonial rival.

In 1776, dispute over trading rights and colonial territory with Jeongmi escalated into a conflict that would last sporadically until the early 19th century. Warfare occurred in almost all corners of the world, involving many other world powers. Eventually, Meisaan would crumble to Jeongmi's superior military might and lose much of its influence in Uju, Buyeo, and Miju.

By the late 18th century century the Leung Dynasty had begun to stagnate under a cycle of ineffective rulers. Spiraling inflation and endless colonial wars exacerbated the tax burden upon the merchant "shang" and peasant "nong" classes, resulting in several rebellions around the capital. Disillusioned with the corruption and vice of the meritocracy, a group of advisors, composing the Imperial Chancellery, conspired to replace the weak and ineffective Emperor Wu as a figurehead. By eliminating opposition and consolidating their power, the Chancellery managed to completely control all aspects of the bureaucracy by 1795. Later that year, following intense pressure and threat of rebellion, the Emperor formally relinquished his role as an involved statesman and became a ceremonial monarch.

Later Imperial era and Industrialization
The Imperial Chancellery radically reformed Meisaani law, attempting to break down the last vestiges of Four Class Philosophy that permeated government and society. In 1803, following the example of Jeongmi, the Chancellery extended voting acquisition exams to townships and other tongs allowing for the election of local leaders. However, upper courts were still stratified as the Chancellery held complete power over every aspect of the central court. Political reform continued in piece for much of the early 19th century but corruption within the bureaucracy often limited the scope of new laws.



Much of the change was facilitated by the climax of a long trend of commercialization regarding Meisaani society starting in the late 17th century, blending together the four different classes. The new government encouraged industrial growth through an ambitious sequence of reforms that transformed key domestic industries (textiles, chemicals) into de facto free markets with little government intervention. Following a massive increase in imports from Jeongmi, the Chancellery implemented tariffs in order to safeguard certain sectors until they were able to compete on an international level. Enormous growth in Meisaani overseas trade protected by the Imperial Navy paved the way for a modern colonial empire.

In 1812 the steam engine was adopted by many textile factories, transforming the face of overall industry in Meisaan. Almost all remaining "putting-out" manufacturers were eradicated, and output exploded, while industrialization spread to the engineering, mining and chemical industries, as well as new and pioneering road, rail and water networks to facilitate their expansion and development. Thousands of workers emigrated from the countryside into cities, especially Minghoi and Taisung. Roads in Minghoi were widened along with other expansions to the sewers and residential areas, as municipal planners grappled with increasing population. In 1845 Meisaan's first permanent steam locomotive-hauled passenger railway—the Dunglou line, opened between Minghoi and Haamun.

Industrial growth, coupled with an unprecedented increase in consumption and the middle class, rapidly changed the political landscape of Meisaan, with compulsory public education an example of this change. A newly empowered upper and middle class demanded the right for representation in government. Following tradition, the Imperial Chancellery ruled with a singular "legislature", the Soengjyun, that acted as an advisory body to the ministers of the Emperor. After several strikes and protests in 1857, the Chancellery was forced to extend membership of the Soengjyun to any Meisaani male citizen who could pass a series of civil-service exams.



Following the death of Prime Minister Guang Suyen, a succession crises in the Imperial Chancellery pitted the reformist Jun faction led by Man Waifong against the traditional scholar gentry. In 1869 the first peaceful transfer of power in Meisaani history occurred with a vote in the Upper Gungting bringing the Jun into power.

Man Waifong instituted revolutionary reforms that transformed Meisaan into the constitutional monarchy it is today. Man's party empowered the traditionally defunct commoners court, the Jijyun into a modern legislative body. The Imperial Constitution, or Jiwiu Doctrine was ratified in 1870. It provided the basis for the modern government, labeling checks and balances within the legislature and introduced the right to vote for all men over the age of 20. Universal suffrage was guaranteed under an Imperial Decree in 1905.

Continuing Meisaan's rapid economic growth, Man's party remained extremely popular and led the country from 1851 to 1875. He is credited in forming Meisaan's with an exceptional education system and successful policies to alleviate poverty. Generally recognized as the "father of the modern Meisaani state", Man is remembered as a national hero and is referred to as a founder of Meisaan's democratic tradition.

Through the rest of the 1800s, Meisaan continued colonization throughout Gungju and Miju. Independence movements and other democratic motions were swiftly put down, viewed as threats to. Foreign policy was dedicated to expanding the nation's influence, in particular regard to the growing power of Fusen.

Beginning with the country's defeat in the 1871 Lukdou War with Fusen, the government began a large buildup and modernization of the comparatively small Imperial Armed Forces.

Contemporary Meisaan
By the turn of the century, Meisaan was the second most powerful nation in Sinju. Following the Dosan Talks in 1904, Meisaan aligned itself with fellow liberal democracy Jeongmi. It continued to establish and consolidate control over the overseas colonies, amidst increasing agitation for independence.



Women gained suffrage in 1910. and other forms of mass communication, such as the saw increasing use during the 1920s and 1930s. Mass production and an unprecedented surge in consumerism saw the rise of the along with other technologies.

The Great Depression, which began in August of 1925, severely impacted Meisaan, resulting in massive levels of unemployment in old manufacturing areas, along with cities relying on. Social unrest during this period led to the 1927 Minghoi Uprising, which saw students and workers occupy the capital for a month. The Labour Party took power in the resulting elections following a Jeongmian intervention, and implemented policies to alleviate the worst effects of the Depression.

Meisaan was involved in the devastating Eulhae War, where it fought Fusen with its ally Jeongmi.

Several Fusense bombing campaigns around Saigong and Tindaai incurred horrific casualties on both Meisaani civilians and cultural relics, with total estimates placing casualties at around 70,000 civilian dead.

Throughout the rest of the 1940s and early 1950s, Meisaan's economy experienced a boom following investment from Namju and a rising Sinju Union, which Meisaan helped found. The economy grew at varying rates for the remainder of the 20th century, only slumping in the Recession of 1996. Immigration laws were loosened in the 1980s, facilitating a growing population of non-Meisaani minorities. On January 17th of 2015, the Crown Princess Leung Nowai rose to the Imperial throne following the death of Leung Gai.

Geography
With an area of 1,920,000 km^2, Meisaan is the second largest nation in Sinju. Meisaan's borders stretch from the Sea of Fusen to the Dai Lo mountain range in the west, enveloping multiple different ecosystems and biomes such as, and.

Meisaan is renowned for its natural beauty, with thousands of kilometres of virgin forest and mountains. Approximately 56% of Meisaan is covered in temperate and alpine forest, a large proportion compared to its neighbors. Multiple river systems cross the country, including the prominent Pearl River and Caangho rivers. Many of these rivers are fed by large in the Meisaan Range and Central Highlands.

Meisaan's four major urban centers are centered around the Pearl and Caangho river valleys, along with the Haamun Coastal Plain. As most land is either mountainous or forested, these areas are densely populated. The northeast corner of Meisaan, one of the densest populated areas on earth, is hemmed in by the Mai Lo mountains to the north and the Daidei mountains to the west. Thin coastal plains run from the northern suburbs of Minghoi to Haamun. Contrastingly, the southeast interior and coastline of Meisaan is predominantly flat, with the Pearl River watershed encompassing the cities of Ho'ngon and Saigong. The western interior is largely mountainous, with a large arid plateau in the center of the country, due to a rain shadow effect from surrounding mountain ranges.

Multiple different estuaries and deep-harbor bays are found on the Meisaani coast, enriching the nation with seafood and natural beauty. The largest estuary in Meisaan is the Caangho River Mouth, where the capital, Minghoi, is located. With many different fault lines and a subduction zone, Meisaan is extremely susceptible to and.

Climate
Meisaan experiences a variety of climates. An prevails throughout much of the country's eastern coastline, including major cities like Haamun and Tindaai. It is generally present between the sea and high mountain ranges. An dominates much of the central and western areas of the country. However, along the many river valleys is present a, with deciduous and mixed forestland - especially in the inland city of Ho'ngon. In other highland regions of Meisaan a is quite common, which often consists of.

Government and Politics


The Commonwealth of Meisaan is a based on the Gungting system that has been emulated throughout Tiandi, a legacy of the Meisaani Empire. The Jiwiu, a bicameral legislature, meets in the Gungting Palace and has two houses; an elected "commoners" chamber (the Jijyun) and an appointed meritocratic court (the Soengjyun). All legislation require Imperial Assent.



Meisaan's, or Prime Minister, is the person most likely to command the confidence of the Jijyun; this individual is typically the leader of the political party or coalition of parties that holds the largest number of seats in that chamber. The Prime Minister chooses a cabinet with Imperial Assent, which make up His Imperial Majesty's government. By convention, the Emperor respects the prime minister's decision of government. Representatives to the Jijyun are elected by in each. Meisaan is divided into 648 constituencies and wards.

The Soengjyun acts as a balance to the executive power of the Jijyun, with the ability to scrutinize and collectively veto bills (a 4/5 majority is required). However, it lacks any ability to create new legislation. Unlike the Jijyun, all members of the Soengjyun are appointed through a meritocratic system based on traditional "civil exams". Originally made up of the nobility, the Soengjyun expanded to include commoners under the acts of 1873. In order to serve in the Soengjyun, one must meet a series of standards - guarantee of citizenship and eight years of university schooling are some of the requirements - and undertake several exams. Once passing the exams, lifelong membership of the Soengjyun is guaranteed.

Meisaan uses a voting acquisition exam for permanent residents (non-citizens) and minors who wish to vote. is guaranteed to all citizens over the age of 20; safeguarded under the Imperial Decree of 1910.

The current Prime Minister of Meisaan is Tong Meili, who belongs to the centre-left Labour Party. The Labour Party has held a majority in the Jijyun for eight years in coalition with the Buddhist Democrats, monopolizing Meisaani politics. The Gwokman Minsin and Green Party follow up as second and third, respectively. Recently, far-left parties like the Gwokman Minsin have been gaining popularity following the 2012 Recession.

Law
Meisaan uses a judicial system based off Ullyeong Law. Meisaan's highest court, the Dai Faiting, is the final arbiter in legal conflict. It consists of nine judges, appointed by the Faating. Meisaan's violent crime rate is comparatively lower than its counterparts in Tiandi, although petty theft is rising in poorer neighborhoods with large proportions of immigrants.

Law in Meisaan is enforced by provincial police departments, while large intelligence agencies like the National Intelligence Service are maintained by the central government. was banned nationally in the 1962 constitutional amendments, along with. Before 1962, the dealth penalty was used widely throughout the provinces of Meisaan.

was legalized nationwide in 1932.

Military


Meisaan's military is a highly modern,. It holds one of the largest forward deployed navies in the World, along with the third largest. It maintains a strong military presence within the Sea of Fusen in order to protect the merchant fleet from pirate attacks, along with the sovereignty of it's easternmost islands, the "Gaidai Chain" 金岛.

Officially, the Meisaan Armed Forces are composed of three branches - the Imperial Navy, Imperial Army, and Imperial Air Force. Approximately 511,019 Meisaani are on active duty, while 730,000 remain in the reserves. Military service is voluntary for women and men over the ages of 21. The Meisaan Armed Forces are heavily involved in humanitarian work. In recent years, the Meisaan Armed Forces have seen deployment in Jeongmi, during the Suwon Typhoon for relief efforts.

Foreign Relations
Meisaan maintains diplomatic ties with over 90 nations across Tiandi. It holds considerable weight over the rest of the World both militarily and economically, and is a cornerstone member of the Meisophone World. It is the largest contributor of in the World. For the past half century, after its victory in the Eulhae War, Meisaan remained firmly aligned with it's ally Jeongmi. It is a founding member of the Sinju Union

Economy
The Commonwealth of Meisaan is the second largest economy in Tiandi by and the largest by {{wp|nominal GDP}. It is the second largest. The Meisaani economy is forecasted by the National Quarterly Survey of Business Sentiment, conducted by the Bank of Meisaan. Meisaan is a founding member of the Sinju Union and the Joint Economic Zone, using the universal Sinju currency.



Meisaan's economy is generally recognized as a cornerstone to the Sinju Joint Economic Zone, dominating the rest of Sinju in terms of raw exports. Meisaan is the the second largest exporter in the world, and in 2016 saw the highest trade surplus in Tiandi. It is Tiandi's second largest automobile manufacturer, has the largest aerospace industry, and is often ranked as one of the most innovative countries in Tiandi. Manufacturing is mainly focused in higher tech industries, with limited competition from Jeongmi and Fusen. Meisaan has an important aerospace industry led by Heilau corporation, while leasing its own spaceport in Ngahere Ma, Waimaunga. Around 98% of Meisaani companies are small to medium sized, while almost 60% of the country's corporate wealth is owned by 250 large-scale enterprises.

The Meisaani labor force is highly skilled, with an unemployment rate of roughly 4.8%. It is often classified as a that combines extensive private enterprise with substantial state enterprise and government intervention. The government retains considerable influence and control over key segments of essential sectors, including rail, electricity, aircraft, nuclear power, telecommunications, and healthcare.

Financial services, banking and the insurance sector are essential parts of the economy. The Minghoi Gusi (^明) is the second largest stock exchange in Tiandi, founded in 1689 under Empress Mi. It is the primary form of investment and acquirement of hard currency for multiple countries outside of Sinju including Waimaunga, Londren, Elwha and Barujaya. Meisaan is a major contributor of aid to, second only to Jeongmi.

Agriculture
Agriculture in Meisaan is heavily protected and subsidized by the government, with a focus on smaller, family owned farms. Historically, Meisaan has been a major exporter of crops such as, , , and. Around 3.2% of Meisaan's population is involved with agriculture, with foodstuffs accounting for 7.8% of Meisaan's GDP. However, the sector is experiencing a decline as younger people migrate to the cities, in search of higher pay.

is by far the largest animal breeding industry in Meisaan. ,, , , and are all farmed in Meisaan, with sea-farmers using techniques like artificial insemination and hatcheries (for salmon). Traditionally seafood would be released back into the rivers, however, harvesting often occurs on seaborne farms.

Infrastructure


is the most widely used form of transportation in Meisaan. Meisaan cities use state-of-the-art railways, buses, and trams to minimize road traffic. Only around one in five Meisaani people own cars, while the gap is even wider in the cities - one car to every tenth person. Outside of the major population centers a significantly larger amount of vehicles are used, although many of these are transitioning to hybrid fuels and full electricity.

Meisaan's rail system is connected to the rest of Sinju, with high-speed rail extending to cities in Jeongmi like Hapcheon and Dosan. Rail in Meisaan is entirely public, with affordable ticket prices for passengers. Recently, attempts have been made to decrease reliance on and increase density in the urban core of southern cities like Ho'ngon and Saigong.

Meisaan uses a complex system of and  to move passengers and cargo, nationally and internationally. Minghoi is a major transportation hub in Jungju, holding the title for Tiandi's second largest airport.

Meisaan is the 3rd largest in Tiandi, in terms of total use. Of this energy, around 63% comes from renewable sources. The largest by far is nuclear power, with around 32 nuclear power plants across Meisaan. Through and other government programs, solar plants are becoming popular in certain regions.

Trade
Meisaan's exports amounted to $7,210 per capita in 2014. As of 2015 Meisaan's main export markets were Jeongmi (23.1 percent), Fusen (17.8 percent), Nochtlicho (7.7 percent), Fukoet (5.5 percent) and Nam Long  (5.1 percent). Its main exports are transportation equipment, aerospace technology, chemicals and foodstuffs, Meisaan's main import markets as of 2012 were Jeongmi (21.3 percent), Nochtlicho (8.8 percent), Akitsukuni (6.4 percent), Barujaya (6.2 percent), Arjunapur (5.0 percent), Elwha (4.6 percent) and Waimaunga (4.0 percent).

Tourism
Meisaan is the second largest tourist destination in Tiandi, with approximately 37.8 million visitors in 2013. Tourism accounts for about 4% of the country's income. Meisaan's tourist season lasts from late winter to early fall, when temperatures in the north are mild and warm. Most people visit the Minghoi-Chuisung Metropolitan Corridor, where most of Meisaan's cultural interest is found. However, the southern beaches and resorts are often popular with elderly people. Meisaan's vast western wilderness attracts many mountain climbers, hikers, and cyclists. Some popular hiking destinations include Mt. Tamgak just south of Minghoi, and Daisaan National Park.

With one of the most modern and efficient infrastructure systems in Tiandi, almost the entire country is accessible by air and rail. Minghoi International Airport is the second busiest in the World, with multiple destinations throughout the Sinju Union, Waimaunga, Arjunapur, Elwha, Akitsukuni, Buyeo, Nochtlicho, Londren, Dayganistan, Waimaunga, and Barujaya. It also serves as a stop-over for many flights, with connections all over Jeongmi and Meisaan.

Demographics
With over 79 million people, Meisaan is the fifth largest nation by population in the world. Of these people, about 69% live in urban settlements. Censuses occur every 20 years, with the most recent count taken in 2015. Approximately 48.7% of the population is female, while 52.3% are male.

Meisaan experienced a major  between the years of 1890 and 1978 during the latter stages of the industrial revolution, as infant mortality rates plummeted. In 1907 the population numbered roughly 24 million, while in 1980 it nearly tripled to around 63 million people. This climb coupled with migration into the southern cities.

The majority of Meisaan's population centers are located in the northeast, coincidentally, the majority of economic and cultural activity takes place there. These cities include the capital, Minghoi, along with the major port of Haamun. Recently, many Meisaani are relocating to the rapidly developing areas of southern Saigong and Ho'ngon, where real estate is relatively inexpensive.

Suicide rates have risen by 7.6% in the years of 2014-2015. Of those whom died in 2014, about 78% were male - a disproportionate amount. Meisaan is facing the issue of an, with fertility rates below for the current population. In response, the government has loosened immigration laws, which have remedied the situation slightly. The current child rate for an average female in Meisaan is 1.67.

Religion
Meisaan follows a strict policy, with a ban on government infringement in religious affairs and vice versa. The vast majority of Meisaani are irreligious. Although a significant minority practice true, many families still perform ancient traditions for the cultural value.

Buddhism is by far the most widely practiced religion in Meisaan, followed by. It arrived in the western peninsula of Mongdou after the fall of Tianqi, popular with peasants and the middle class. In recent history the number of Buddhists in Meisaan has declined.

is becoming more popular, growing a following among alternative elements in society.

Education
Education is a serious matter in Meisaan and is highly valued as a means to achieve. The educational system in Meisaan is the responsibility of the Ministry of Youth of the Kingdom of Meisaan. Public education is universally required for those from age four to nineteen. Primary and are free; while university costs are standardized with financial aid for low-income families. Meisaan schools have consistently scored in the top ten percent for top-performing students in the Sinju International Educational Survey, ranked similar to Jeongmi.

Early primary education is centered around ; while classics are studied in secondary school. Meisaani curriculum is generally a balance between traditional subjects and liberal arts. A long legacy of art and literature has manifested itself into the educational system, with some liberal arts schools funded by the government. However, recent emphasis has been placed more heavily on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. classes are mandatory for all students.

Cram schools, or Hokjyun, imported from Jeongmi, have become increasingly popular in Meisaan. Many students go to these academies after normal school hours for extra-tutoring and club activities.

Meisaani universities are some of the most prestigious in Tiandi, with Yidoi College of the Arts and Sciences in Minghoi the most famous. However, higher education in Meisaan is notoriously competitive- especially among foreign students. University tuition is heavily subsidized. The Meisaani government funds housing for university students and also offers scholarships to low-income children who have achieved a certain level of academic prowess.

Health
is granted free of cost for all residents with either citizenship or permanent residence status. In 2013, Tong Meili's Labour Party introduced a new bill significantly increasing spending into the sector. There around 112 people for every one doctor. Citizens have the option to pay for private healthcare. The Meisaani people are considered some of the most healthy in Tiandi. Meisaani visit a doctor around 14 times a year, 2 times as often as Akitsukunese.

One of the biggest health issues in Meisaan is the prevalence of, which causes around 80,000 deaths each year and is responsible for one in ten deaths. The obesity rate is low, at about 2.1% - contributed to healthy eating and exercise habits. However, as in most developed nations, the number is growing.

The HIV rate at the end of 2010 was less than .01.

Culture


Traditionally homogenous, Meisaan has seen a "cultural revolution" as diversity becomes more commonplace throughout the country. Meisaan is considered one of the most multinational and multiethnic countries in Tiandi, home to almost 1,109 foreign communities. International districts are commonplace in many Meisaani cities. Although vocal conservative elements often oppose this cultural transition, most Meisaani support the broadening of Meisaan's cultural identity. Prominent ethnic groups include the Jeongmian, Londrench, Akitsukunese and Waimaungi.

In 1914 the Society for the Preservation of Traditional Meisaani Culture was formed, with the purpose of protecting artifacts and cultural sites. The group, with government support, has worked to enshrine Meisaan's cultural heritage and make it available to the public. Most national parks and museums are also run by the group.

Most holidays are based around the. The most popular are New Year's, the Lantern Festival, the Blue Dragon Festival, and the Lunar Festival.

Sports
is considered Meisaan's national sport. During the Meisaani Industrial Revolution it evolved into the national phenomenon it is today; with the Sinju International League established in Minghoi. Originating in Meisaan around 2 BCE, Cuju is often regarded as a national relic and source of immense pride for the national psyche. Meisaani martial arts such as and  are also widely practiced and enjoyed by spectators in the country. Meisaan is a major participant in international sporting events, hosting the Tiandi Games twice in Minghoi and Haamun.

has rapidly increased in popularity, with the domestic All Meisaan League formed in 1992. Internationally, Meisaani baseball teams have performed extremely well in international venues, competing against top powerhouses like Jeongmi and Akitsukuni.

Music
Different types of music have been recorded in historical Meisaani documents from the early periods of Tianqian civilization which, together with archaeological artifacts discovered, provided evidence of a well-developed musical culture. These ancient traditions have evolved into a rich heritage of music that is part of the Meisaani cultural landscape today.

In modern times, interest in Meisaani Folk Tunes, a synthesis of a number of local folk music styles (like  opera), intended as an accompaniment for the region's folk operas. It gradually evolved into a string ensemble format by the 1870s, led by the ' with ', ', ', ', ', and various woodwinds including ' or ) and instruments. Formerly, bowed stringed instruments such as the ' and  were used.

In recent times, Meisaani has had a large and established influence all throughout Sinju and Tiandi, with a largely "indie" industry. Albums released into the Meisaani market often serve as betas to test consumer preference before being sold in other countries. Major cultural hits produced by Meisaani bands and singers include Minsuk and the Leung by Kat Cheung and Haamun Style by popular entertainment figure ZSB.

Cuisine
Chuisung has long been a trading port and many imported foods and ingredients are used in Meisaani cuisine. Besides pork, beef and chicken, Meisaani cuisine incorporates almost all edible meats, including offal, chicken feet, duck's tongue, snakes, and snails. However, lamb and goat are rarely eaten. Many cooking methods are used, with steaming and stir frying being the most favoured due to their convenience and rapidity. Other techniques include shallow frying, double steaming, braising, and deep frying.



For many traditional Meisaani cooks, the flavours of a finished dish should be well balanced and not greasy. Apart from that, spices should be used in modest amounts to avoid overwhelming the flavours of the primary ingredients, and these ingredients in turn should be at the peak of their freshness and quality. There is no widespread use of fresh herbs in Meisaani cooking, in contrast with their liberal use in other cuisines. Garlic chives and coriander leaves are notable exceptions, although the latter are usually used as mere garnish in most dishes.

Arguably, Meisaan's most influential cuisine is known as "yum cha (飲茶)." Similarly to a Western morning or afternoon tea, despite the name, yum cha is focused as much on the food items served with the tea as the tea itself. These food items are collectively known as "", a varied range of small dishes which may constitute or replace breakfast, brunch or afternoon tea. Dishes are usually steamed or fried and may be savoury or sweet. They include steamed buns such as char siu baau, assorted dumplings, siu mai, and rice noodle rolls, which contain a range of ingredients, including beef, chicken, pork, prawns and vegetarian options. Typical desserts include egg tarts, sai mai lo (tapioca pudding) and mango pudding. Many yum cha restaurants also offer plates of steamed green vegetables, roasted meats, congee porridge, and soups. Dim sum can be cooked by steaming and frying, among other methods. The dim sums are usually small and normally served as three or four pieces in one dish. It is customary to share dishes among all diners on the same table. Because of the small portions people can try a wide variety of food.

Foreign dishes, especially Nochtlico Cuisine, are rapidly becoming more popular in Meisaan.