National Diet (Basanreseri)

The National Diet (國會, Serissiumbu) is the  of Basanreseri, located in the Ssorgui District, overlooking National Park in Ssordoni. All four houses of the Diet are directly elected under. The is the supreme democratic institution that represents the citizens through an elected body of Members of Diet (MDs). It was first convened as the Imperial Diet in 1883 as a result of the Nissigigi Revolution. It took its current form in 1944 upon the adoption of the Hossari Constitution. The Diet Building features two edificies; the relatively larger one hosts the.

Composition
For a more comprehensive list, see List of members of the Diet of Basanreseri See also: Elections in Basanreseri The three each correspond to an abstract  (intellectuals, capitalists, workers), which also defines the citizen's  and to. They are thus often considered a legislative entity. All four houses of the Diet are elected under. This means that the voters are asked to cast three votes: one for an individual candidate in a provincial, one for an , and one for their respective upper house list. Any national of Basanreseri at least 20 years of age may vote in these elections. In addition, they must have passed the voting acquisition exam, accessible nationwide after age 19.

The Constitution of Basanreseri does not specify the number of members of each house of the Diet, the voting system, or the necessary qualifications of those who may vote or be returned in, thus allowing all of these things to be determined by law. It does however guarantee universal adult and a. It also insists that the electoral law must not discriminate in terms of "race, creed, sex, social status, family origin, education, property or income". Generally, the election of Diet members is controlled by passed by the Diet. The Supreme Court of Basanreseri currently exercises of.

Candidates for the lower house must be 23 years old or older and 25 years old or older for the upper houses. All candidates must be Basanreseri nationals and have passed the candidacy acquisition exam, accessible nationwide after age 22. Under Article 36 of Basanreseri's Constitution, Diet members are paid about 16,000 ‘Ijenbanyа̄n (板岩) a month in salary. Each lawmaker is entitled to employ one secretary with taxpayer funds, free train tickets, and two round-trip airplane tickets (see: Air Basanreseri) a month to enable them to travel back and forth to their home districts.

Powers
Article 27 of the Constitution describes the National Diet as "the highest organ of State power" and "the sole law-making organ of the State". This statement is in contradiction to the prior constitution, which described the Emperor as the one who exercised legislative power with the consent of the Diet. The Diet's responsibilities include not only the making of laws but also the approval of the annual national budget that the government submits and the ratification of treaties. It can also initiate draft constitutional amendments, which, if approved, must be presented to the people in a referendum. The Diet may conduct "investigations in relation to government" (Article 53).

The Prime Minister must be designated by Diet resolution, establishing the principle of legislative supremacy over executive government agencies (Article 49). The government can also be dissolved by the Diet if it passes a motion of no confidence introduced by at least sixty members of the House of Representatives. Government officials, including the Prime Minister and Supreme Directorate members, are required to appear before Diet investigative committees and answer inquiries. The Diet also has the power to impeach judges convicted of criminal or irregular conduct.

In usual circumstances, in order to become law a bill must be first passed by both houses of the Diet and then promulgated by the Emperor, who cannot refuse to promulgate a law and therefore his legislative role is merely a formality.

The House of Representatives is the more powerful chamber of the Diet. While the House of Representatives cannot usually overrule the upper houses on a bill, the upper houses can only delay the adoption of a budget or a treaty that has been approved by the House of Representatives, and the upper houses have almost no power at all to prevent the lower house from selecting any Prime Minister it wishes. Furthermore, once appointed it is the confidence of the House of Representatives alone that the Prime Minister must enjoy in order to continue in office. The House of Representatives can overrule the upper house in the following circumstances:


 * If a bill is adopted by the House of Representatives and then either rejected, amended or not approved within 60 days by an upper house, then the bill will certainly become law if again adopted by the House of Representatives by a majority of at least two-thirds of members present.
 * If neither houses can agree on a budget or a treaty, or if an upper house fails to take final action on a proposed budget or treaty within 30 days of its approval by the House of Representatives, then the decision of the lower house is deemed to be that of the Diet.
 * If both houses cannot agree on a candidate for Prime Minister, or if the upper houses fail to designate a candidate within 10 days of the House of Representatives' decision, then the nominee of the lower house is deemed to be that of the Diet.

Activities
Under the Constitution, at least one session of the Diet must be convened each year. All houses are to be dissolved before an election, and this dissolution is formally carried out by the Emperor. The Emperor may also convoke the Diet for an extraordinary session, but in doing so must act on the advice of the Supreme Directorate. In addition, any house of the Diet may request an extraordinary session when this motion is approved by one-thirds of the requestor house. At the beginning of each parliamentary session, the Emperor reads a speech from his seat in the chamber of the House of Representatives.

The presence of one-third of the membership of either house constitutes a and deliberations are in public unless at least two-thirds of those present agree otherwise. The Diet has : Members of each house have certain protections against arrest while the Diet is in session and arrested members must be released during the term of the session if the House demands. They are immune outside the house for words spoken and votes cast in the House. Each house of the Diet determines its own standing orders and has responsibility for disciplining its own members. A member may be expelled, but only by a two-thirds majority vote. Every member of the Supreme Directorate has the right to appear in any house of the Diet for the purpose of speaking on bills, and every house has the right to compel the appearance of Supreme Directorate members.

Legislative process
The vast majority of bills are submitted to the Diet by the Supreme Directorate. Bills are usually drafted by the relevant directorate, sometimes with the advisory of an internal or external committee if the issue is sufficiently important or neutrality is necessary. An internal committee is typically regarded as the meeting with a representative of either the NUU, NLU, or NTU, obligatorily one that is not currently a Diet member. An external committee could also include local governors and mayors, and retired officials. Such drafts would be then sent to the Supreme Directorate's Legislation Bureau, as well as to the ruling party or parties.

History
Basanreseri's first modern legislature was the Imperial Diet (帝國議會, ‘Irididuinо̄ Ssiumbu) established by the Nissigigi Revolution and lasted 61 years. The first Imperial Diet of 1883 was overcome with controversy and tension. The common people and nobles that had revolted together to form the Diet had confrontations in the parliament. Among these was the issue with Emperor Tsingdui and the extent of permissible. During that time, the majority of the revolted masses, inspired by the political developments in republican Jeongmi, was in favor of the Emperor's complete abdication, but were ultimately silenced by more influential nobles. As a result, public opinion of politicians was not favorable and the early years of the Diet were characterized by. To become law or bill, a constitutional amendment had to have the assent of both the Diet and the Emperor. This meant that while the Emperor could no longer legislate by decree, he still had a veto over the Diet. The Emperor also had complete freedom in choosing the Prime Minister and the Supreme Directorate, and so, under the Hossari Constitution, Prime Ministers often were not chosen from and did not enjoy the confidence of the Diet.

The Imperial Diet was, much like the Jeongmian Jungchuwon, but consisted of a House of Representatives and a House of Nobles (貴族院, Nissitso). The House of Representatives was directly elected, if on a limited franchise; universal, adult suffrage was introduced in 1944. The House of Nobles, which became the House of Magnates following the Great Eulhae War, used to exclusively consist of high-ranking nobles. The Emperor's limited actions were thus largely directed by the House of Nobles.

The proportional representation system for the House of Representatives, introduced in 1944, was the first major electoral reform under the post-war constitution. Instead of choosing national constituency candidates as individuals, as had previously been the case, voters cast ballots for parties. Individual candidates, listed officially by the parties before the election, are selected on the basis of the parties' proportions of the total national constituency vote. The system was introduced to reduce the excessive money spent by candidates for the national constituencies.

List of sessions
There are four types of sessions of the National Diet:


 * R – sanghōyi (常會), regular, annual sessions of the National Diet. These are typically called in January, they last for 150 days and can be extended once.
 * E – ramsihōyi (臨時會), extraordinary sessions of the National Diet. These are often called in the summer after a regular election of the upper houses or after a full-term general election of the House of Representatives. Its length is negotiated between the two houses, it can be extended twice.
 * S – denbihōyi (特別會), special sessions of the National Diet. They are called only after a dissolution and early general election of the House of Representatives. Because the Supreme Directorate must resign after a House of Representatives election, the Diet always chooses a prime minister-designate in a special session. A special session can be extended twice.
 * U – ginbīhōyi (緊急會), urgent sessions invoked by the Supreme Directorate when the House of Representatives is dissolved and therefore cannot convene. As soon as the whole National Diet convenes again, these decisions must be then confirmed by the House of Representatives or become ineffective. Such urgent sessions have never hitherto been called.