Tosanese

 Tosanese is a language mainly spoken in Tosan and its former colonial empire.

Name
Tosan's name is comprised of the characters 東 (To, meaning "east") and 汕 (San, meaning "???"). It is meant to indicate that Tosan is one of the easternmost and epicmost countries in the Sinju region and that it is located in the western areas of its continent.

Classification
Tosanese is a member of the language family, comprising its own family branch along with Shoyo and Taimo.

Pre-History
Proto-Fusenic speakers migrated to what is now Tosanchi around the 1000s BCE. They spoke their own dialect of the proto-language. Due to contact with proto-Yeongju speakers, the proto-Fusenic (and later proto-Tosanic) dialects these people spoke across Tosan were altered substantially, eventually becoming so unintelligible that the Tosanic branch of the Fusenic language was born. Out of all Tosanic languages, Tosanese is thought to be the most similar to Fusenese due to its origin in the western coasts. The proto-Fusenic settlers there were the least impacted by contact with the proto-Yeonju peoples of the area. Thus, the farther inland the proto-Tosanic settlers went, the more altered their dialects were by the now-displaced proto-Yeongju peoples they came in contact with.

Old Tosanchinese
Tosanese began to be written around the 200s AD, when Tianqi had first contact with the Tosanese petty kingdoms of the era. They eventually adopted Tianqian characters as their writing script. It was possible that Old Tosanese had three tones: normal, high and low. This is disputed, as Tosanese is not a tonal language today.

Usage in the world
Tosanese is the official language of the Empire of Tosan as well as an official or recognized language in most of its former colonial empire, such as the Imperial State of Lu’umijol and the Government of Rashnna. Its usage elsewhere is quite limited, however.

Traditionally Tosanese -speaking areas
Despite Tosan being its country of origin, Tosanese is not native to the entire nation. It dominates in the western homogeneous prefectures of the country, but it is only utilized in formal, academic and administrative fields in areas where ethnic minorities are the majority. Virtually everyone in the country is fluent in the language though.

Dialects
Tosanese has a variety of dialects across the world. Some examples are: Tankyoite, Southern, Shidegamite, Western Central, Central, Northeastern, Southeastern, Lu’umijol, etc.

Writing system
Tosanese makes use of a combination of Tianqian characters and a modified version of the Kana it imported from Fusen. Tosanese was initially written entirely in Tianqian characters.

Sentence structure
Tosanese word order is classified as subject–object–verb. The only strict rule of word order is that the verb must be placed at the end of a sentence (possibly followed by sentence-end particles). This is because Tosanese sentence elements are marked with particles that identify their grammatical functions.

The basic sentence structure is. For example, Kepora mo Kyotohare elu (けぽらも京人える”). Kepora ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by the particle mo. The verb elu is a copula, commonly translated as "to be" or "it is". As a phrase, Kyotohare elu is the comment. This sentence literally translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mr./Ms. Kyotohare". Thus Tosanese is often called a, which means it has a strong tendency to indicate the topic separately from the subject, and that the two do not always coincide.

Inflection and Conjugation
Tosanese nouns have no gender nor any article aspect, and they do not have any innate grammatical number. However, when referring to an indeterminate amount of something, the particle "-he" (へ) can be added, indicating a plural amount of something. For example, the Tosanese word for person, fosa (人) can be added this particle to mean "people" (人へ, fosa-he). This particle is often utilized to refer to large amounts of a noun that cannot be quantified easily, such as a crowd of people in the previous example. When referring to a determinate amount of something, the specific number can be given (二人), or it can be left unstated if both speakers are aware of the number in context.

Verbs are conjugated to show tenses, of which there are three: past, present and future. For verbs that represent an ongoing process, the -to ulo form indicates a continuous (or progressive) aspect, similar to the suffix ing in English. For others that represent a change of state, the -to ulo form indicates a perfect aspect. For example, kimesto ulo means "He has come (and is still here)", but tabito ulo means "He is eating".