Chomanese hybrid language

The Chomanese hybrid language (早蔓混合語), more commonly known as Ppasaek-eo (빠색어 ), is a Jeongmian-based and the second  in Choman. The language emerged from contact between Chomanese people and Nonyukbeolese merchants in the 18th century, and solidified during later Nonyukbeolese rule. Its grammar and sentence structure is identical to, whereas the vocabulary is taken from loosely phonetic 19th century and.

Under the intensive literacy campaigns of the republican government, the language was dismissed from formal education, and instead, learning "proper " was prioritized. As a result, native speakers of Ppasaek-eo in Choman were greatly diminished. Therefore, the language is nowadays more widely spoken in Chomanese immgirant communities abroad, such as in Hachuabsh, Jeongmi, Mennefer, Namju, Nonyukbeol, and Yahuimilco.

Ppasaek-eo was met with renewed domestic interest and in the early 21st century, and was introduced in  literary art degrees. The socialist government, having officialized the language in 2004, also broadened its usage in law and politics. In recent decades, Ppasaek-eo has shifted from being seen as a sign of lower and being banned in school playgrounds, to being a mark of national pride and used in Chomanese cinema. Native speakers in Choman are expected to outnumber the native speaking diaspora by 2050.

Consonants
Consonant phonemes in Ppasaek-eo, while based on, are accommodating mostly to the Chomanese languages. The trisegmental stop/affricate system of is never really adhered by the native Chomanese, whose languages do not comply with such system. Consequently, a lot of consonant sounds are merged or reduced to their closest equivalents in and, except of course in the case of native and/or fluent Jeongmic speakers. This naturally extends the of some Jeongmic sounds. In greater detail:


 * 1) The (final ㅇ [ŋ]) substitutes the ᄓ [nk] consonant cluster in . A Chomanese speaker may opt to pronounce ᄓ [nk] for their native words.
 * 2) All with the exception of the  (ㅈ [tʃ]) are normally . Plain and  derivatives may be pronounced by Jeongmic speakers for their native words.
 * 3) The (ㅎ [x]) may either be approximated  by inexperienced speakers due to its spelling, or  to a  (ㆅ [ɦ]). In some dialects along Choman's northwestern border, it is  (signified with ㆆ [ʼ]) when the fricative precedes vowels.
 * 4) The duplication of the (ㅅ) signifies a tense  (ㅆ [ʃ̪]), but may be mispronounced as a tense  [s͈] due to its spelling. This naturally extends to the respective affricates [tʃ, t͈ʃ, tʃʰ].
 * 5) The standard is the  (ㄹ [l]), but occasionally approximated as a  [ɾ] by Jeongmic speakers.
 * 6) The (standalone ㅡ [w]) substitutes the Jeongmic velar approximant [ɰ] (as in 의 'ui').