Kechuajog

Kechuaju (: 케추아주; : Qhichwa Mitmapa), officially the Republic of Kechuaju (: 케추아주 공화국; : Qunqyakuki Qhichwa) and colloquially known as Kechuajog (케추아족), is a in east-central Cheongju. It is bordered in the north by Qichwa and in the east by the Unhae Ocean. Kechuaju is a with a typically uniform arid climate. The population of 2.9 million is highly and heavily concentrated on the south-central  mainland. Its mountain range divides the land diagonally into two uneven areas; the more sizeable urbanized north and, on the other side of the mountains, the lush sparsely populated south. Kechuaju's capital and largest city is Seondeokdosi. The country's other metropolitan areas include Yojeong, Neukdaedosi and Hallpajuyohada.

inhabited the land for about prior to the first arrival of  explorers in the early 15th century, who named it Samaguittang (사막의땅; "desert land"). In 1660, Kechuaju's northern half was claimed by Imperial Jeongmi and initially settled for. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades and by the time of the Jeongmian Industrial Revolution, most of the land had been explored and additional colonies established. On 4 March 1801, post the dissolution of the Empire, all the Kechuajuan colonies, forming the Republic of Kechuaju. Kechuaju has since maintained a stable political system that functions as a    divided into thirteen districts.

Kechuaju is classified as an with a medium level of, a  and significant  with a poverty rate around 17 percent. Kechuaju has one of the fastest industrial growth rates at an average of 9.6% and its main economic activities include fishing, mining, manufacturing and telecommunications; along with other growing sectors such as and. Despite ranking high in, Kechuaju suffers from against the indigenous populace, while the majority of  and  are reserved only for Sinjuan-descent residents. Kechuaju is one of the in Cheongju and an active member in the Congress of Nations.

Name
The name Kechuaju (pronounced in ) is derived from a combination of the  Qhichwa ("[people of] the valley") and the  Ju (주; "state"). It was first used to describe the indigenous administration, but was soon officially adopted for the Jeongmian colony too. Until the establishment of contact with the, the land was simply referred to as Samaguittang (사막의땅), the for "desert land". The preferred colloquial term among Kechuajumindeul denoting the land is Kechuajog (케추아족; "Quechuan ethnicity"), which rose in popularity during the 20th century, probably due to sayings such as 「케추아족 보러 가자!」 ("Let us go see the Quechuans!") that are actually used up to this day to refer to the suburbs and villages of Kechuaju. The adoption of Kechuajog is also present in official documents directed to the public, but whether its use should be expanded to governmental and diplomatic bodies is still controversially discussed.

Prehistory and Pre-Jeongmian Kechuajog
The earliest evidences of human presence in Kechuajuan territory have been dated to approximately 12,500 BCE in the Saetbaram settlement. societies were based on agriculture, using techniques such as and ;  husbandry and fishing were also important. Organization relied on and  because these societies had no notion of market or money. The oldest known complex society in Kechuaju, the Yuchung civilization, flourished along the coast of the Unhae Ocean between 3,000 to 1,800 BCE. These early developments were followed by archaeological cultures that developed mostly around the coastal and regions throughout Kechuaju. The Chupunje culture which flourished from around 1,000 to 200 BCE along what is now Kechuaju's Unhaean Coast was an example of early pre-Quechuan culture.

The Warichan culture that developed from 1,500 to 300 BCE was probably more of a religious than political phenomenon, with their religious centre in Warichanui Dosi. After the decline of the Warichan culture around the beginning of the 1st century CE, a series of localized and specialized cultures rose and fell, both on the coast and in the highlands, during the next thousand years. On the coast, these included the civilizations of the Parajog and Naesojog, and the more outstanding Mochusekka. The Mochusekka, who flourished between 1140 to 1450 CE, were renowned for their irrigation system which fertilized their arid terrain, their sophisticated tapestry, their lofty buildings, and clever metalwork. Their capital was at Jian Jian outside of modern-day Ayllupakuchappa.

In the 15th century, the Pik'chukkakuna emerged as a powerful state which, in the span of a century, formed the largest indigenous empire in Kechuaju within their capital in Gusuku. The Pik'chukkakuna of Gusuku originally represented one of the small and relatively minor ethnic groups, the. Gradually, as early as the thirteenth century, they began to expand and incorporate their neighbours. Pak'chukka expansion was slow until about the middle of the fifteenth century, when the pace of conquest began to accelerate, particularly under the rule of the emperor Amachayiq Inkka Yupanki. Under his rule, the Pik'chukkakuna came to control most of southern and Anchisuan regions, with a population of 7 to 14 million inhabitants under their rule. Amachayiq also promulgated a comprehensive code of laws to govern his far-flung empire, while consolidating his absolute temporal and spiritual authority as the God of Weather who ruled from a magnificently rebuilt Gusuku. From 1448 to 1522, the Pik'chukkakuna used a variety of methods, from conquest to peaceful assimilation, to incorporate other cultures into their empire, which they referred to as Mamallaqtapukallpaypa ("motherland with red dirt"). Many local forms of worship persisted in the empire, most of them concerning local sacred Wak'akuna, but the Pik'chukka leadership encouraged the worship of Sunqinti, the sun god, and imposed its sovereignty above all other cults such as that of. The Pik'chukkakuna considered their Emperor, the, to be the "".

Jeongmian Arrival
The first recorded Sinjuan sighting of the Cheongju continent, and the first recorded Sinjuan landfall on the Kechuaju mainland (in 1606 CE), are attributed to the Jeongmians. The first ship and crew to chart the Kechuajuan coast and meet with indigenous peoples was the Dongdo captained by Jeongmian navigator, Byeon Soo-hyuk. He sighted the Blue Wiphalla Peninsula in 1606, and made landfall on 5 October at the Imjin River near the modern town of Chirawmit'a on Wiphalla Parang-gu. Later that year, Fusenese explorer Yuichi Saito also made brief landfall. The Jeongmians charted the whole of Kechuaju and named the land "Samaguittang" during the late 16th century, but made no attempt at settlement until 1660, when the uninhabited northern half was claimed for Jeongmi under imperial orders.

A camp was set up and the Jeongmian flag raised at the Port of Hallpaseo on 15 February 1660, a date which later became one of Kechuaju's national days, Founder's Day. The Jeongmi Empire formally claimed the northern part of Western Kechuaju (modern-day Beojkkochbuyuhada-Gu) in 1685, northern and central Kechuaju in 1703, and the remainder land up to the mountain range in 1708. As the oldest of the settlements began to fortify, they would gradually form smaller within their area of influence, through the reception of prisoner and dissenter. This practice continued until the downfall of the Jeongmi Empire and the abolition of slavery in Kechuaju in 1801.

The indigenous populace declined for 150 years following settlement, mainly due to infectious disease. Thousands more died as a result of frontier conflict with settlers. A government policy of "assimilation" beginning with the Negro Integration Act 1822 resulted in the coercive relocation of many Quechuan families and communities, the resistance and eventual failure thereof constituting to the decline in the indigenous population. As a result of the 1984 Referendum, the republican government would conform to the making of laws with respect to the Quechuans. Traditional ownership of land was not recognized in law until 1997, when the Parliament invalidated the colonial idea of  ("land belonging to no one") upon which the expansion was formerly justified.

Colonial Expansion
Kutiyumallpa, the last, was killed in battle during the Wamink'akuna Mirkupa War in 1728, a clash between colonial Kechuajumindeul descending the mountains and the Pik'chukkakuna defending their borders. It is unknown which side initiated the war. It is the only conflict that has been officially documented and acknowledged by the post-colonial republic. Following Kutiyumallpa's death, the Quechuans surrendered to the Jeongmians. To accommodate for the new annexation, Kechuaju was placed under the leadership of an imperially appointed chongdog ("governor-general").

The establishment of a viceroyalty with its capital on the southernmost settlement of Seondeokdosi was the first step into the unification of the Kechuajuan colonies. Seondeokdosi was quickly acclaimed as a, with more fragile settlements essentially becoming. Chongdog Gim Jong-yeol reorganized the colonies in the 1740's with gold and silver mining as their main economic activity and Quechuan (mink'a) as their primary workforce. With the discovery and export of great gold and silver lodes at Hallpajuyohada and Kaebio, the viceroyalty flourished as an important provider of mineral resources. Kechuajuan provided revenue for the Jeongmian Throne and enlarged the preexisting Kechuaju-Jeongmi trade network. The expansion of a colonial administrative apparatus and bureaucracy paralleled the economic reorganization. , for example, was the primary reason for the drop in and allowed for greater slavemaster freedom. Consequently, Jeongmian merchants were often tempted to reside in the viceroyal colonies.

With the conquest started the spread of in Cheongju; most people were forcefully converted to, taking only a generation to convert the population. Inkka temples were demolished and salvaged to construct Buddhist temples. During this period of conversion (CE 1730 - 1770), the enacted a policy of  ("examination"), employing torture to ensure that newly converted Buddhists did not stray to other religions or beliefs. Kechuajuan Buddhism is, with religious native rituals being integrated with Buddhist celebrations. In this endeavor, the Kaebio Order came to play an important role in the of the natives, drawing them into the cultural orbit of the Jeongmian settlers.

By the 19th century, declining silver production and economic diversification greatly diminished viceroyal income. At the same time, political turmoil in Jeongmi led to the dissolution of the Empire. The Kechuajuan declaration of independence in 1801 and the reimplementation of former taxation oversaw an increase in indigenous and (Ma'stiskuna) local small-size protests. The Negro Integration Act 1822 was enacted to partially emancipate the populace, abolishing slavery, documenting their identities, constructing hospitals and public schools and permitting their registration for healthcare and insurance services. The initiative was successful and the protests quieted, despite and autonomy never technically granted.



Nationhood
In the late 1790's, Jeongmi suffered from harsh winters and poor harvest seasons, which posed a substantial impediment to the Kechuajuan economy and trade. To balance the colony's expenditures, short-term austerity measures had to be adopted, which devastated many small businesses. Following the collapse of the Jeongmi Empire, the movements grew stronger and stronger.

At the height of devastation, elections where held on 16 February 1801. Delegates for the Parliament were chosen and Gim Tae-yeon, a woman scholar loyal to the independentist party and born to a middle-class family, was elected for President for her reputation in stirring up the folk. On 4 March 1801, the newly elected administration declared independence and renegotiated terms of commerce with the early Republic of Jeongmi. In one of his speeches, Jeongmian President An Gung-muk commented on the decisions of his political predecessors, saying he deeply regretted their approval of Kechuaju's parting from the Jeongmian realm, but was nonetheless at peace with the Kechuajumindeul's determination to keep good relations.

When the Constitution of Kechuaju was written on 8 May 1801, Gim Tae-yeon and her partisan delegates ensured that a would be discouraged and that  would be placed at constitutional forefront priority, on the philosophy of. Consequently, some men's rights were deprived with the enactment of mandatory circumcision and sperm donation, the legalization of rape on men, the prohibition of gun ownership for men and coercive marital property cession post-divorce, while the colonial educational system had to be overhauled in favor of Buddhist feminocentrism. These policies further reinforced the Jeongmian traditionally passed over to Kechuaju and paved the way to the contemporary matriarchal  ("state of affairs").

Under Gim Tae-yeon's administration, Kechuaju reentered a period of stability through a series of policies, lowering  and  business initiatives. To this day, the terms Juche ("self-reliance") and Gimtaeyeonism are used to describe the reforms that incentivize the ascent of diverse businesses supplying for a variety of demands. In this school of thought, corporations are the patrons of the people and the upholders of democracy. At the height of her presidency in 1804, a transcription of the then was published to the public, which was also reformed according to the Constitution and the principles of  ("evidence-search") and tumyeongdo ("transparency"). It has remained for the most part intact ever since.

Kechuaju kept neutral throughout the Eulhae War, but with suspicions of an Independence Front of Qichwa-led insurrection in Meisaani Qichwa spreading onto the land, ordinary domestic were largely repurposed in preparation for a war. Military equipment corporately produced in Kechuaju were primarily sold to the Kechuajuan Armed Forces, the Jeongmian Armed Forces and with precautions also to the Meisaan Armed Forces situated in Qichwa. It is also acknowledged nowadays that several nationalist Kechuajumindeul volunteered in the Jeongmian Armed Forces during the War, most likely while also, an estimated total number of 80,000 volunteers. Kechuaju immediately joined the Congress of Nations after its founding and expressed enthusiasm in providing manpower for a. In 1948, Kechuaju sent two in the peace-negotiation that split Qichwa into West- and East Qichwa.

General characteristics
Kechuaju is located on the central eastern coast of Cheongju facing the Unhae Ocean. It covers 312,696 km2 (120,733 sq mi) of Cheongju and lies wholly in the southern hemisphere, between the latitudes of 24° and 29° S. It borders Qichwa to the north and the Unhae Ocean to the southeast. The mountains run horizontally through the country, defining the two regions traditionally used to describe Kechuaju geographically.

The goji ("highlands") from the north until the central south are mountainous and partially forested, with infertile soil and harsh winters. The samag ("desert") on the southern side of the Anchisu range is generally flat and characterized by long droughts and dispersed. The Anchisu mountain range is encircled by rainforests and lush soil, while also featuring over twenty and sixteen plateaux in total, that enable life. There is only one exorheic mountainous basin formation, that is the Lake Paranghosu. The highest point is Mt. Albaksan with an altitude of 3,859 m (12,662 ft).

Due to a lack of natural rivers, several have been constructed near the centralmost mountainous basins, as well as  on the Unhae Coast. Lake Jantana is the largest reservoir in Kechuaju with a surface area of 1,500 km2 (370,000 acres).

Geology
Kechuaju is stable, having infrequent moderate earthquakes but a singular dormant, the Akkuhyuhwasan, near the southeastern border. An eruption thereof was recorded in the year 1743 CE with no casualties, presumed nowadays to have been a colossal explosion (VEI-6) on the. from this eruption blanketed the surrounding land, fertilizing the soil and creating fresh new oases, thus opening up the opportunities for south.

Climate


Kechuaju primarily has a warm- to cold and is affected by the East Chongju monsoon, with  heavier in  ("harmattan") during a short rainy season called jangma ("lengthy rain"), which begins end of June through end of July. Winters can be rather dry with the minimum temperature dropping below -5 °C (23 °F) in the inland region of the country: in Seondeokdosi, the average January temperature range is -3 to 2 °C (26.6 to 35.6 °F), and the average August temperature range is 27 to 41 °C (80.6 to 105.8 °F). Winter temperatures are higher along the Unhae Coast and considerably lower in the mountain range. Geonyeol can be excruciatingly hot and humid, with temperatures exceeding 45 °C (113 °F) in most parts of the country. Kechuaju has three distinct seasons: bom ("springtime"), geonyeol ("dry heat season; harmattan"), gyeoul ("winter"). Bom usually lasts from late March to early May, geonyeol from mid-May to late November, and gyeoul from early December to mid-March.

Rainfall is concentrated in the geonyeol months of June through September. The southeastern coast is subject to late-geonyeol that bring strong winds, heavy rains and sometime floods. The average precipitation varies from 1,370 millimeters (54 in) in Seondeokdosi to 1,470 millimeters (58 in) in Yojeong. In August 1994, the Keunsamag Desert reached 81 °C (177.8 °F), the highest recorded temperature point in Kechuaju to this day.

Biodiversity
Despite principally being semi-arid, Kechuaju includes a diverse range of habitats. An estimated 250,000 species of, of which only 5% have been described, occur in Kechuaju and typify that diversity. Because of continent Cheongju's great age, extremely variable weather patterns, and long-term geographic isolation, much of Kechuaju's is unique. About 85% of flowering plants, 84% of mammals and more than 45% of reptiles are. Contrary to urban myths, are not indigenous and were probably brought to the country by early Jeongmian settlers.

Kechuajuan forests are mostly made up of trees, particularly  in the less arid regions;  trees replace them as the dominant species in drier regions and deserts. Among well-known Kechuajuan animals are the,  ( and ),  ( and ), and birds ( and ). The was introduced by Meisaani traders around 1900. Kechuaju is home to the largest variety of. Many animal and plant species became extinct soon after first human settlement, including the Kechuajuan megafauna; others have disappeared since Jeongmian settlement, among them the.

Many of Kechuaju's ecoregions, as well as the species within said regions, are threatened by human activities and animal,  and plant species. All of these factors have led to Kechuaju's having the highest mammal extinction rate of any country in Tiandi. The Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 is the legal framework for the protection of threatened species. Numerous have been created under the National Strategy for Biodiversity Conservation to protect and preserve unique ecosystems, among them 16 established Congress of Nations. Kechuaju was ranked 21st out of 46 countries in Tiandi on the 2018. There are more than 1,800 animals and plants on Kechuaju's threatened species list, including more than 500 animals.

Government
Kechuaju is a   with a. The country has maintained a stable political system under its constitution, which denominates the President as both  and  and bestows them. A presidential term lasts four years, but the president may not serve consecutive terms. The Prime Minister is elected by the and not by the president, on the mission to provide counsel to the president in governmental and religious matters, as well as replace them when they are. Consequently, Kechuaju has been oftentimes referred to as a semi- state.

The People's Thing is the  body that assumes  and is comprised of 150 members elected for four-year terms. Bills may be proposed by either the executive or the legislative ; they become law after being passed by the People's Thing and promulgated by the president. Similarly, the Supreme Court of Kechuaju is the body that assumes and the four-year term  appointed by the president acts as the head of the branch. The president also holds the power to challenge to a certain bill, coercing the parliament to retry for a  and annulling the bill when this  is not met a second time.

The Kechuajuan government is with ; the people cast their  vote for their preferred political party and the party in turn appoints its parliamentary delegates. The party with the majority of votes in (and not in ) forms government and appoints the president. Under this system, as well as running as an  are infeasible practices. However, decision-making within the parliament occurs through. is granted to all Sinju-descent and Sinjuan citizens, for whom voting is  from ages 21 to 71. Traditional policies against the indigenous Quechuans  their voting to this day.

The People's Thing is currently composed of Singjimidang (53 seats), Jasinsijangdang (36 seats), Bulgyodang (22 seats), Bukdang (22 seats), Kechuadang (10 seats) and Daeandang (7 seats).

Law
Kechuaju has a based on Ullyeong law. The Heonbeobjaepanso is the Kechuajuan Constitutional Court with the power of and. Kechuaju's supreme court system is not specialized: the highest court of appeal for all civil, criminal, labor, social security, fiscal and administrative law cases is the Daebeobwon. The Supreme Court consists of fifteen judges, appointed meritorcratically and exclusively by the prime minister from a list of all active judges in order of experience. Judges, including Supreme Court judges and the Chief Justice may serve until the age of 75, the age in Kechuaju.

Criminal and private laws are codified on the national level in the Hyeongbeolchaek ("penal book") and the Minbeopchaek ("civil law book") respectively. The Kechuajuan penal system seeks primarily the protection of the public and secondly the regression from a crime's outcomes. Except for petty crimes, which are tried before a single keunbeobgwan ("great judge; professional judge"), and serious, all charges are tried before mixed tribunals on which botong-beobgwandeul ("") sit side by side with professional judges.

("quariwarmi; ") rights and were protected and legalized under the constitution of 1801, while in the same year,  was outlawed. is nonetheless still legal and employed in select severe charges, most notably. Kechuaju continues to have a high yearly rate (442 per 100,000 people in 2014) and a sizeable prison population (12,652 people in 2014), while the national prison system is completely. In a later study in 2015 it was discovered that Kechuaju's intentional rate was 5.0 per 100,000 people (143 murders yearly), with adult male Quechuans making up 70% of the perpetrators. is increasing exponentially (552,000 total cases in 2015), the majority of which are regarding  such as.