Jiolahy


 * This article is about . It is not to be confused with Kalazalahy, the  .

Jiolahy (: 지우라히, lit. "vagabonds") are members of   originating in Ambemarivo. The Ministry of Security has termed these organizations toko-ota (群齬, "discrepant groups"), however they typically as foronam-baràka (尊嚴建置, "dignified institutions"). The term jiolahy traces back to professional in the mid-16th century, who lived  and in pursuit from the royal secret police. As a result, the word may also be used to any.

Cattle raiding was famously a for young  men and as such, most jiolahy were originally of Antsanjoro descent. Although a risky practice, the cattle could then be resold at a greater profit than the typical 's earnings. In areas where the Inquisition Guard was feeble, the jiolahy could also resort to and. Not all jiolahy were cattle thieves however; others were, and. Their practices evolved after ; by the 19th century, jiolahy chiefs owned their own lands and assets, and concealed their operations with legitimate businesses. Although associated with crime, their syndicates periodically enforced order and authority welcomed by locals, notably contesting colonial officials and fulfilling popular demands in exchange for. The jiolahy provided support in both the Khê Nông Resistance and the Dead Road Uprising, making their history and reputation more so convoluted.

When the socialist government began assets, the issue of jiolahy businesses caused inter-partisan. In the end, it was decided that they will be expropriated all the same, in an effort to reduce. Some jiolahy were nonetheless sympathetic to the Party and its attempts to uplift Ambemarivo, so they signed a treaty with the state (1962) that enabled them to conditionally become in charge of their familiar assets; others fled abroad. In the following decades, the jiolahy syndicates were virtually forgotten by the public, until the state reintroduced privatization starting in 1985. The "temporary individual administration" scheme was lucrative to the jiolahy, who envisioned leading their own enterprises and earning back personal respect and honor. Consequently, jiolahy membership and criminal activity spiked during the late 1990s, in the process inciting between emerging syndicates.

Nowadays, the jiolahy do not generally pose a threat to most commoners. They rely less on than in the past, but engage in more severe crimes, including  of humans and drugs,  of wildlife and firearms,, and. The Ambemarivese government has expressed determination in stopping jiolahy-related crime, but syndicates infiltrating politics by and influencing  make it difficult to pass uniform legislation. Like other criminal organizations, the jiolahy are known for strict and, and a. Members are mostly male and wear indistinguishable day-to-day. Aside from, high-ranking jiolahy preserve their by attending  and  while wearing intricate masks and tribal accessories, which are recognized as.