Lomtai

Lomtai, officially the Second Republic of Lomtai : ສາ​ທາ​ລະ​ນະ​ລັດລົມ​ໃຕ້​​ຄັ້ງ​ທີ​ສອງ​, Sathalanalad Lomtai Kang Thisong; (: สาธารณรัฐลมใต้; Sǎathaaronrát Lomtây: : 第二南風共和國, Nước Cộng Hòa Thứ Hai Gió Nam) is a  in South Jungju. It borders Sukaphum to the west, Tlai Menh to the east, and Ratanakiri to the south. The capital of Lomtai is Banvuchuan, and its largest city is Jaaekhb.

Lomtai initially began as a of the Cheonje empire, with the first mentions of Lomtai were first recorded 316 CE. These first historical records detailed a small series of skirmishes along the Leungvui river between a group of northern elites and local commoners. Multiple skirmishes in and around the Thian basin area continuously occurred for decades following the initial fight. In 834 CE a long series of revolts against the Cheonje government led to a long war. In 866 CE, only a decade before the fall Cheonje, the southern region of what is now present-day Anviene in southern Lomtai to end its dependency on the massive empire. Once Cheonje collapsed, Lomtai was able to conquer the majority of its present-day territory, thus beginning what is known as the First Majestic Kingdom. This kingdom lasted until 1401 when a mass coup d'ete forced the royal family into exile, and the founding of a new dynastic kingdom, the Lom Kingdom. Lom spanned all across present-day Lomtai, and even further into northern Suwannaphum and western Wa Muong, though by 1492 its territory had been enclosed to its present-day borders.

With the onslaught of the industrial revolution, Lom found itself unable to keep up with its neighbors, especially Van Xuan. The emperor was obsessed with upholding the values and practices of feudal society, much to the dissatisfaction of the commoners. Due to the introduction of republics up north in Sinju, the commoners had began to heavily resent the monarchy, this all culminated into a massive assault on the Majestic Palace, the aftermath of which was the death of the emperor and his children, the empress-consort along with the eunuchs were sent into exile. On 23 Samwol, 1876 the Republic of Lom was established, this republic oversaw the modernization and industrialization reforms throughout the country. Though Lom had made great progress, it was still exceedingly poor. Believing that it would bring great social and economic prosperity, the Lom government had been murdered, and the Democratic People's Commune of Lomtai (DPCL) in Yuwol of 1936. The chairman of the Communal Committee of Lomtai (CCL), Xiong Khan initiated the Great Leap Forward, a series of social, economic and political policies enacted to separate Lomtai from "evils" of capitalist Sinju. By 1950, more than 40% of Loms lived in extreme poverty, things only worsened when a drought in one of Lomtai's most vital agricultural regions brought five years of mass famine and disease. The CCL was eventually able to stabilize the situation, as Lomtai imported food from its neighbors, mainly Van Xuan. Though the famine had been dealt with, Lomtai continued to suffer from a rampant measles outbreak, the measles outbreak ended in 1960. The Great Famine, as it's come to be known, claimed an estimated 3-6 percent of the country's entire population. By 1977 more than 70% of Lomtai's working class were in extreme poverty, and the people began to get fed up. The CCL made various promises, which all fell through. In 1992 a massive coup d'état, known as the Coup of the Commune, resulted in the surrender and execution of Lomtai's former communal government. The international community, though mainly the Sinju Union, were highly doubtful that Lomtai could revive itself after such detrimental damage to its people. In 1993 a provisional government was established, which worked hard to reverse the policies enacted during the Communal Era, also known as the Great Leap Backward. After five years, the provisional government drafted a constitution; upon the signing of the constitution the provisional government was dissolved.

On 30 Owol, 1997, the Great Republic of Lomtai was established. Lomtai is a south Jungjuan nation, it is progressing rather quickly, it was one of the world's poorest countries, but since 2005 has been ranked among the 50 richest countries in the world. It's anticipated that by 2045 that Lomtai will take its place as one of Jungju's twenty-five Jungjuan Tigers. Lomtai has a small number of foreign investors, mainly from Yedal and Yoju, since the country is rapidly developing, other nations foresee great economic prosperity in Lomtai's future. One of the largest contributors to Lomtai's economy is its tourism industry, the country is internationally renowned for its array of historical monuments, as well as its many geographic wonders. Lomtai receives upwards of 60 million tourists on an annual basis. Lomtai has an advanced education system, and the government promotes a healthy lifestyle for all citizens. Despite the massive amounts of progress made, poverty and child hunger, as well as a lack of child labor laws continue to be large issues in Lomtai, regardless, it's a very nice country to visit!

=Etymology=

There are numerous names of Lomtai that have been used throughout Lomtai's history, and are still in use today. The first recorded name of any Lom state was Thěn Nīn. The mean "peaceful town". The name Thěn Nīn fell out of fashion around the 1380s. It was during the early medieval period that Lomtai got its current name. Before the Lom Kingdom was established, what is now northern Lomtai was part of a collection of and  city-states. In historical records from a few of the city-states, the Thay Dam refer to Thěn Nīn as 'Lohm Daen' (literally "windy area"), due to the often harsh dust storms in the southern region, and 'Tay Anakhet' (southern territory), and over time the Loms adopted 'Lomtai' as a combination of both names.

=History=

Prehistory
first migrated to south Jungju around 70,000 BCE from south Yoju. Small tribes consisting of one dozen people, on average, settled in forests and river valleys. The Midu people of the Khawei forest are regarded as the earliest and the cradle of Lom civilization. By 2000 BCE the Midu had emmased a small village of a few hundred people, and had spread further out of the Khawei area. The Midu were excellent huntsmen who were quite well at adapting, though they severely lacked agricultural skills, this being one of the possible reasons for their downfall.

By 700 BCE a newer, technologically advanced group of people, known as the Sutu had moved into the Khawei area. The Sutu quickly settled and created a series of small villages. These people cultivated common things such as and fruit. By 500 BCE the Midu had become obsolete, while some chose the join the Sutu and assimilate, the majority of the Midu chose to maintain their traditional lifestyle, and as a result died from a dwindling population.

It is estimated that Lomtai became a protectorate of Cheonje some time around 34 CE - 77 CE. The Sutu population slowly declined, and they were eventually replaced by the, the Thay are the ancestors of all modern-day ethnic Loms and. It is commonly believed that the Luang Phabang kingdom was founded by the Thay people some time from 190 - 200 CE.

Then Nin (452-1169)
According to legend, Then Nin was founded by King Barat, a. In 513 CE, Then Nin conquered Muang Saan made several city states. King Manaw aided in the expansion of trade routes between Tagol and South Jungju. Many Then Nin monarchs were of descent, which strengthened the political and cultural ties between Tagol and South Jungju.

Then Nin Protectorate
The Then Nin Protectorate was a of Sukaphum in southwest Lomtai. It was founded in 1169 after the X Kingdom annexed Then Nin.

Lom Kingdom
The Lom Kingdom was established in late Parwol of 1401 after it had gained independence from Sukaphum in the Then Nin Rebellion. It presided over the majority of present-day Lomtai from 1401 until 1876 when it was succeeded by the Republic of Lomtai. During the early half of the 15th century, conflict between Sukaphum and Lomtai continued, that resulted in a brief war between the two countries from 1418–1420. Lomtai established diplomatic ties with the neighboring countries of Vận May and Thong Lũng Nóng, as Lomtai’s territory expanded north, annexing small and  city-states.

Lomtai enjoyed a line of nonchalant kings during the 16th century, and certain regions were allowed to maintain high levels of autonomy. The 17th century saw the beginning of an aggressive expansionist policy. Vận May and Thong Lũng Nóng were annexed, and Lomtai continued expanding north until it reached Vu Chuan, a Thakamio. Lomtai made nine invasions of Vu Chuan, all with varying degrees of success, and in 1641, Vu Chuan was annexed into Lomtai. Expansion into Wanh was halted by military conflict with foreign powers, and Lomtai’s ambitions for expansion declined. The latter half of the 17th century saw the birth of the Khontay Kum sentiment. Views and treatment towards and  ethnic minorities and their cultures changed, and a more pro-Lom, or generally pro- sentiment dominated the country. Lomtai became somewhat politically unstable in the early 1700s, because they were losing territory in Wanh. Sentiments for independence from Lomtai gained traction in the Mandic community. Three Tâyman protests broke out during the 18th century: Hoàng Hạo Sinh Rebellion (1719), Viêng Chăn Uprising (1726), Vận Sông Rebellion (1737). The Tâyman independence sentiment died down throughout the remainder of the 18th century.

The early half of the 19th century was relatively peaceful, and Lomtai once again maintained a line of nonchalant kings, but under a more centralized government. Events from the previous century had created new societal norms within the country such as the desire to maintain a uniform and traditional lifestyle among the population. The burgeoning Industrial Revolution pushed for many countries to industrialize. As multiple countries in Jungju industrialized, Lomtai continued to remain stagnant, much to the country’s detriment. By the 1840s, the idea of an industrialized Lomtai gained popularity, and new innovations and technologies were being smuggled into the country. Quality of life declined in the country, and the monarchy remained stringent to maintain a, which promoted technological primitivity and an. Heavy anti-monarchist sentiments spread across the country throughout the 1860s and early 1870s. In 1876, a coup resulted in the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a.

Republic of Lomtai
The Republic of Lomtai (: ສາທາລະນະ​ລັດ​ລົມ​ໃຕ້​; Sathalanalad Lomtai) was the  of Lomtai from 23 Samwol 1937 to 22 Yuwol 1937. It was founded after the Spring rebellion of 1876. Colloquially known as the 'Republican Era', the Republic of Lomtai is known for being a turning point for the country. Lomtai steadily became during the 1890s to 1930s due to programs and social movements such as the Chiangmoon movement.

With its monarchy dethroned, Lomtai began mass industrializing. Lomtai also became more.

The Republic of Lomtai was officially dissolved in Guwol of 1938, one year after the People's Democratic Coup and Void Year.

Democratic People's Commune
The Democratic People’s Commune of Lomtai was a sovereign state based in Lomtai from 1937 to 1992. The Commune was proclaimed on 12 Guwol, 1937 after the People’s Democratic Coup of 1937, which usurped the Republic of Lom. The country was governed by Phayvanh Chanthalangsy from 1937 until his death in 1989. In 1950 the Communal Committee of Lomtai enacted the Greater Prosperity Mission (Decade of Horrors), a social and economic movement led by the CCL from 1950 to 1961. The campaign commenced as a result of Grand Chairman Phayvanh Chanthalangsy’s motivation to reconstruct Lomtai into a structured,,. The CCL funded mass industrialization of the countryside as well as implemented the National Free Education Policy which provided free and accessible education to all children in Lomtai. In many ways the CCL worked to improve the quality of life in Lomtai.

In late Owol of 1955 a devastated one of Lomtai’s most vital agricultural regions, which began a two year-long famine across the country and caused the deaths of 3 percent of Lomtai’s population. The CCL initially underestimated the situation which only contributed to casualties. The government allocated resources primarily for the wealthy and CCL-friendly regions; mainly metropolitan areas such as Makan or Patufai. One year later in 1956 an outbreak of furthur devastated the country and caused the deaths of roughly 1 percent of the population. Following the brief famine and pandemic small protests in rural areas of the country arose. between Lomtai and its neighbors waned; namely Vạn Xuân and Suwannaphum. During the 1960’s and 1970’s both Vạn Xuân and Suwannaphum released a number of anti-Lomtai and anti-CCL. Tensions between the three countries decreased in the early 1980’s. On 3 Samwol, 1989 Grand Chairman Phayvanh Chanthalangsy died from. Following the death of the Grand Chairman, Keo Phommachanh was promoted to the position of Grand Chairman, but was assasinated by Khamla Vongvichit who instead promoted himself to the position of Grand Chairman. Throughout the 1960’s to the 1980’s small protests occurred in rural areas, but in 1990 the Anti-Commune, pro-liberation protests erupted across the country, the power of the government rapidly declined. In Yuwol of 1991 Vongvichit abdicated his position, thus leaving the remainder of the CCL to manage Lomtai.

Beginning on 7 Owol, 1992 members of the Former Glory Restoration Movement protested outside of the National Presidential Palace demanding the abdication of the Communal Committee as well as the abolishment of the Democratic People’s Commune. Finally on 10 Owol, 1992 Somphone Xiong signed the Decree of Abdication on behalf of the Lom government, thus surrendering and abolishing the government.

Provisional government (1992-1997)
=Geography and Climate=

Geography
Lomtai is a land-locked country in South Jungju, it is bordered by Suwannaphum, Wa Muong, Ratanakiri, and Tianan. In the far southwest of the country lay small mountains ranges, and in the far northwest flows the Xiammak river.

Climate
Lomtai has a largely tropical climate which is influenced by the the South Jungjuan Monsoon. Lomtai is quite hot and humid, and heavy precipitation is very frequent. The rainy season of Lomtai lasts from mid-Sawol to late Siwol, and the dry season lasts from Sibirwol to Sawol. Due to Lomtai has slowly gotten hotter. The average temperature during the summer is 47° celsius, while in the colder months the average temperature is 8° celsius.

=Government and Politics=

The ruling party of Lomtai is the Lomtai Nationalist Party, the upper house is highly influential. Lomtai is still a single-party state, and openly endorses capitalism. The president and vice-president ultimately hold all of the power and governing authority over the state. As of 2017 the heads of state are President Phouma and Vice-President Inthavong. They previously served as secretaries in the Workers Party in 2013.

The constitution of the Republic of Lomtai written on 23 Irwol, 1998 officially declared the newly installed, capitalist government of Lomtai as sovereign.

=Foreign Relations=

The foreign relations of Lomtai after the proclamation of the current republic are characterized through firm opposition of communism and distancing itself from other socialist countries. Though it once maintained close ties with the OSDMA, it now is quite hostile and often places tariffs on OSDMA member states. Lomtai depends heavily on the ASJN and ICSN for a majority of its foreign aid.

Lomtai's emergence from poverty and isolation is characterized through improved and newly established relations with other countries such as Namju, Meisaan, Scueria, and Yahuimilco. In 2015 trade relations with Namju were normalized through congresse approved legislation. Lomtai was admitted to the Association of South Jungjuan Nations (ASJN) in Yuwol of 2005, and then joined the International Cooperation and Security Network (ICSN) in Iwol of 2009. In Sibiwol of 2010 Lomtai joined the Congress of Nations

=Economy=

In recent years Lomtai's economy has gradually been becoming independent, the largest contributors to its economy are its exports. Lomtai's main exports include clothing, computer components, and household appliances. Another major contributor to Lomtai's economy is its poppy cultivation industry. Despite Lomtai's exports contributing to its economy, Lomtai is still heavily dependent on its neighbors and allies, Suwannaphum and Van Xuan. Khamchanh has also experienced major growth due to cross-border trade with Suwannaphum and Wa Muong.

In 2018 the average annual income for Lom families was reported to be 銅10,300, the majority of Lomtai residents work in physically demanding jobs such as farming, construction, or mining. In Khamchanh and Champasak the majority of families work in textile factories and sweatshops, their annual income is 銅16,300. Outside of Lomtai's northwestern region are a few select metropolitan cities, the country still struggles with poverty and food shortages. All of Lomtai's residents have access to free electricity. accounts for a third of Lomtai's GDP and provides 39.7 percent of Lomtai residents with employment.

Lomtai is rich in mineral resources and imports large quantities of petroleum, gas, metal. Foreign direct investment is large due to Lomtai's mining industry. The country also heavily relies on its tourism industry, major cities such as Khamchanh and Cianbumi receive approximately 120,000 foreign tourists per year. Khamchanh is notorious for its casinos and gambling areas, though it also has other areas which attract tourists. In total, the tourism industry annually contributes 銅6,500,370 to Lomtai's economy.

=Healthcare and Education=

Healthcare
As of 18 Sibirwol, 2019 Lomtai has low-cost healthcare. Originally residents had to pay in full to receive healthcare and healthcare related services. In Sibirwol of 2019, Vice-President Inthavong signed the Mānao Healthcare Act, this act mandated that taxpayer money will be used in conjunction with spare government money to pay for 65 percent of each citizen's healthcare, but citizens still have to pay for the remaining 25 percent as well as pay for the full cost of healthcare related services. Unregistered residents, as well as foreigners living in Lomtai do not have any form of healthcare coverage, they have to pay in full for healthcare, or go back to their home country to receive help. Lomtai has a decently-funded healthcare system, most of its medical equipment is up to date and meets most of the guidelines set in place by the International Health Network.

Education
Education in Lomtai is administered by the Council for National Education (CNE). The CNE is a branch of Lomtai's federal government, and is divided into sixteen individual districts, which are all distributed throughout the sixteen provinces of Lomtai. The federal branch of the CNE finances and mandates educational policies. Both private schools and public schools provide public education.

Following the 2005 education reforms are compulsory until graduation from secondary school; attending a or  after following graduation from secondary school is entirely optional.

=Culture=

Cuisine
Lomtai's cuisine is quite similar to that of Suwannaphumese and Wa Muongese dishes, but there are many distinct traits in Lom cuisine that help differentiate it from other South Jungjuan cuisines. Popular dishes in Lomtai include and green, both of which originated in Lomtai. As is common with the rest of Jungju, is a staple of the Lom diet, the main variety being  rice (ເຂົ້າຫນຽວ, ข้าวเหนียว; kʰàw nǐw). Khao Nio rice is also seen in and Wa Muongese cuisine. A large majority of Lom dishes contain spices, sauces, raw vegetables, and herbs. Chilli peppers are also commonly used in Lom cuisine.

It was previously common practice for people to eat food with their hands, and occasionally use a spoon. were introduced to Lomtai by Fusen in the later half of the nineteenth century during the industrial revolution. In the beginning, chopsticks were seen as a ceremonial dining utensil. People would only use them during special events such as large family gatherings and holidays. Eventually chopsticks became a marker of status, it was common for the bourgeois to have specific carving performed on their chopsticks or have them specially made with a valuable kind of wood. During the communal era, chopsticks had once again become popular with the populace, and these dining utensils are still in use by everyone in Lomtai to this day. Sinju had a minor influence on Lom cuisine.

=Military=

The Great Republic of Lomtai Armed Forces (ກຳ ລັງປະກອບອາວຸດຂອງສາທາລະນະລັດລົມໃຕ້; kam lang pakoboavud khongsathalanalad Lomtai) is the official military force of Lomtai. After the coup d'été that resulted in the collapse of Lomtai's previous government over twenty years ago, the military underwent an entire reformation. In 2004 president Pao initiated the Lomtai Military Reformation of 2004, which consisted of rigorous personnel training, technological advancements, and abolishing old, outdated policies. Per the official laws and mandates, military service is mandatory for all able-bodied men anywhere from the ages of 18 - 35, it is also mandatory for able-bodied women ranging from the ages 24 - 35. The duration of mandatory service varies on the basis of gender, the duration of mandatory military service for males is three years. Females have a much shorter service duration, because it's only eighteen months long. The penalty for not completing mandatory military service by the age of 30 or 35 is a 銅20,000 fine and one year in county prison. The act of deliberately neglecting to complete the mandatory service is a 銅50,340 fine and thirty months in federal prison. Lomtai's largest military base is Wientschan Army Base in Champasak.

Much of Lomtai's military arsenal is old and outdated, so it gets a majority of its weaponry imported from countries such as Namju. Since 2015 a large amount of funding meant for the military is currently being used on updating infrastructure, so there is a lack of funding for military personnel. In 2008 the annual salary for a military personnel was 銅25,300, but has since dropped down to 銅9,610 as of 2017. Vice-president Okalani Inthavong has recently approved a small number of policies which provide military soldiers with necessities such as food and clothes. Lomtai's military has often been criticized for being "too harsh" on its younger personnel, and that the living conditions for soldiers are quite appalling. President Khammeung Phouma recently implemented a six year long plan to raise military standards and advance weaponry. The end goal is the make Lomtai's military largely self-sufficient in the future.

=Demographics=

=Architecture=

Traditional Lom architecture has always been under heavy Suwannaphumese influence, traditional Lom homes were constructed using material such as, wood and bamboo. Many homes would be held up off of the ground by stilts to protect from events such as flooding. Aristocrats, and those of a higher status in general lived in larger and extravagant homes, while peasants lived in small, wooden homes with thatched roofs. Sinjuan influence in Lom architecture began in the mid 19th century, it was somewhat common for elites to live in homes with tiled roofs. A few Sinjuan temples were constructed during the 20th century, a prime example of Sinjuan architecture in Lomtai is the Thianmeen villa.

Modern Lom architecture is still heavily inspired by traditional architecture; Lom homes are still modeled after traditional Lom homes. In the more populous areas of the country, city architecture is mostly inspired and modeled after Sinju. Lom neighborhood are typically constructed with the intent of being enclosed communities.

=Science and Technology=